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Archives of Political Parties after the Collapse of Communism

July 16-27, 2000

 

Course Directors:

Charles Kecskeméti, Former General Secretary of the International Council on Archives

 Gabriella Ivacs, Records Manager, Open Society Archives at CEU

Resource Persons: 

Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, Writer, Independent Researcher, Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University

Charles Kecskeméti, Former General Secretary of the International Council on Archives

Denis Peschanski, Professor of History, Centre for Social History of the 20th Century, Sorbonne University

Kirill Anderson, Director of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History ( RGASPI)

Klaus Oldenhage, Department Head of the Bundesarchiv

Edward Kolodziej, Professor of History, Department Head of the Archives of Modern Records, Poland

Ivan Székely, Counsellor, Open Society Archives at CEU

Zoltán Ripp, Senior Research Fellow, Institute for Political History, Hungary

John Haynes, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, USA

Short Biographies

Patricia Kennedy Grimsted, writer, independent post-doctoral researcher, consultant, is one of the first Western scholars who started publishing comprehensive guides on the archives of USSR from 1973. Her latest contribution is the Archives of Russia: A Directory and Bibliographic Guide to the Holdings in Moscow and St. Petersburg published this year. In addition to numerous very important publications, she was/is the head of several research projects at the US Holocaust Museum, International Institute of Social History, Federal Archival Service (Rosarchiv) and National Library of Ukraine.

Charles Kecskeméti, historian and archivist, has been the Chief Executive of the International Council on Archives (ICA) for more than three decades. He was responsible for managing ICA's major projects and its cooperation with Intergovernmental (UNESCO, Organisation of American States, Council of Europe) and International Non-Governmental Organisations (IFLA, FID, ICOM). He carried out planning and teaching missions in various parts of the world. A volume of his collected essays on archival issues has been published in 2000. Although he retired in 1998, he continues to act as honorary Secretary General of the International Committee for the Computerization of the Komintern Archives

Daniel Peschanski, historian, is an internationally acknowledged French scholar whose professional interests cover not only the history of France during the 2nd World War (the Vichy Government, Resistance) and of Communism, but also methodological problems of using archives for historical research. At present he is a staff member of the Centre of Social History of the 20th century at Sorbonne University.

Kirill Anderson, historian and archivist, is a well-known Russian expert in the field of social and political history. Since 1992 he has been the director of the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History but he is also a lecturer at the Faculty of Philosophy of the Moscow State University. Anderson has always been an active participant in international archival projects, such as the Digitalisation of Komintern Archives, with the aim of opening up the former Soviet archives to the public. He is the co-author, along with John Earl Haynes, of the successful book The Soviet World of American Communism published in 1998.

Klaus Oldenhage, is a leading German expert in archival policy, legislation and international relations. He was responsible for the microfilming of the records of the US occupational authorities in Germany, the preparation of the Federal Archives Act (1988) and the inter-German exchange of archives. After the reunification he was posted for three years in Potsdam. He developed the new status of the SED archives. From 1984 to 2000 he was the Treasurer of the International Council on Archives. At present Oldenhage is head of the Department I. of Bundesarchiv in Koblenz.

Edward Kolodziej, archivist and historian, is the author of several important Polish-language books, articles on archival science and history of social movements in the 20th century. He is also chief editor of the Polish archival journal: "Teki Archiwalne". Currently Kolodziej holds the position of head of department at the Archives of Modern Records in Warsaw, and teaches history at the University of Maria Curie Sklodowska in Lublin.

Iván Székely, social informatist, is an internationally known expert in the multidisciplinary fields of data protection and freedom of information. A long-time independent researcher, consultant and university lecturer, former Chief Counsellor of the Hungarian Parliamentary Commissioner for Data Protection and Freedom of Information, Székely is at present Counsellor of the Open Society Archives at Central European University in Budapest.

Zoltán Ripp, historian and political scientist, is a prominent member of the new generation of Hungarian political scientistst whose research field covers the ideology and political history of the communist system in Hungary. He works for the Institute for Political History which is the successor of Institute for Party History (MSZMP).

John Earl Haynes, an internationally acknowledged political historian. Since 1987 he has been responsible for procuring primary resource documents for historical preservation at the Manuscripts Division of the Library of Congress. Haynes has published several books, articles on the American communism and its relationship with the Soviet communism. His scholarly activities include organizing historical symposiums at the Library of Congress, being the editor of the Newsletter of the Historians of American Communism, a quarterly publication.

Course objectives

The course provides a kind of continuation of last year’s very successful "Access to Information" by focusing on the documentary heritage of political parties. Preserving and making such documentation available for research is part of the historical process of opening up the past and also understanding recent history, especially the political character of the one party system.

The course offers the possibility for participants to become acquainted with the existing legislative models, including both West and Central-East European solutions, which can guarantee the distinction between public and private information generated by political parties. It also examines the pitfalls of archival legislation by confronting legislative measures and practical archival considerations.

Besides the theoretical framework, the course wants to narrow the topic to the archives of the former communist parties because the use and interpretation of such resources still requires careful consideration. It should be noted that source criticism cannot stop at the national level but the "network" of Communist Parties", taking into consideration the relations with western communist movements as well, has to be assessed as a whole.

The structural analysis of the archives of the Communist Parties and organisations could help in developing a new approach to understanding the operational rules that secured the leadership of the CPSU within the world communist movement from the 1920s on and within the "Socialist block" from 1945 to 1989.

Without being too ambitious the course only covers the archival problems relating to party archives rather than studying the history of communism and Communist Parties.

Course level, target audience

Due to its interdisciplinary nature the course is not strictly designed for archivists. It does not require advanced knowledge of archival administration because its focus more on the content of the archives, and how historical research can rely on such documentation. Historians, political scientists, librarians and journalists are also expected to consider party archives in the broader context of politics and history.

Syllabus

TOPICS

RESOURCE PERSON

NO. OF HOURS

TEACHING MODE

DISCUSSION POINTS

Archival and records policy of the Communist Party of Soviet Union ( CPSU).

Party structure and party archives in the USSR by following the decision-making processes in the party.

The archives of CPSU and historical research –Source criticism. Control of foreign communist parties and the socialist bloc.

Archival holdings of mass organisations. Case of Komsomol.

Kirill Anderson

8

Lectures, case studies, participation in discussions

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

How can we establish a typology of CPSU records? What are the degrees of secrecy? How the history of the party can be reconstructed from the existing sources?

What were the working methods of the party apparatus? What kind of documentation was generated?

What are the potential sources, how to use the available sources?

What to do with the records of mass organisations?

Legal statusof the CPSU archives. Archival fond of the state and archival fonds of the party.

Party archives heritage of the former republics of the USSR. Case of Ukraine.

Losses during the 2nd World War.

Retrieval of Rossica/Sovietica abroad.

Patricia Kennedy Grimsted

8

Lecture, case studies, participation in discussions

What are the legal constraints of the existing system?

How the different holdings relate to each other?

Why were documents destroyed? What happened to the archives captured?

What are the major resources in the West?

Archival, legal, ethical, historical problems relating to the archives of political parties.

The Kommintern Archives Project.

New co-operative approaches for the better knowledge of the History of Central and eastern Europe in the 20th century.

Charles Kecskemeti

8

Lecture, case study, participation in discussions

What are the dilemmas of professionals working with such materials and researchers using such materials?

How can we exploit technology to make available this documentation?

How social scientists can contribute to the better understanding our history?

Research on the history of communism in the West. Historical sources available before the collapse of communism.

The case of the French Communist Party.

Daniel Peschanski

5

Lecture, case study, participation in discussion

How to deal with the problem of abundance and traps?

 

How can we define the status of history in the French Communism?

The political history of Western communism in the light of CPSU documents.

The case of the Italian Communist Party.

Valerio Riva

5

Lecture, case study, participation in discussion

How reliable are the CPSU documents?

 

What kinds of documents are in Moscow reflecting Soviet-Italian party relations?

Party archives in the democratic political system: different patterns in the West.

Documents not covered by the legislation.

Guenter Buchstab

4

Lecture, case study, participation in discussion

Which Western model is more suitable for the new democratic countries?

What to do with the records of parliamentary groups, party leaders and party press?

Legal and ethical aspects of access to documents of political parties and related organizations.

Ivan Szekely

2

Lecture, participation in discussion

How to consider the problem of party documents in broader context?

Communist party archives in the former Eastern Bloc countries.

Poland, Hungary, East-Germany.

Edward Kolodziej

Zoltan Ripp

Klaus Oldenhage

8

Case studies, participation in discussion

What kinds of solutions were adopted in the different countries of the former communist bloc?

 

CEU Non-Discrimination Policy Statement

Central European University does not discriminate on the basis of--including, but not limited to--race, color, national and ethnic origin, religion, gender or sexual orientation in administering its educational policies, admissions policies, scholarship and loan programs, and athletic and other school-administered programs.

 

 

 

 

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