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ORIENTAL
RELIGIONS IN CENTRAL-EASTERN EUROPE:
RELIGIOUS
MULTICULTURALISM AND RENAISSANCE
July 21
- August 4, 2000
Course Director: Ágnes
BIRTALAN (Department of Inner Asian Studies, University ELTE, Budapest,
Hungary)
Resource Persons:
Zourabi ALOIANE (Working Group Modern and Islam, Berlin, Germany)
Gyula WOJTILLA (Department of Ancient History, University Szeged, Hungary)
Andrej TERENTEV (Institute for Buddhist Studies,
Saint Petersburg, Russia)
Avihai SHIVITEL (Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Leeds)
Alice SÁRKÖZI (Research Group for Altaic Studies, Hungarian
Academy of
Sciences, Budapest, Hungary)
Erdeniin PÜREWJAW (University of Foreign
Languages, Osaka, Japan)
István KAMARÁS (University Veszprém,
Hungary)
Anvar GALIEV (Institute of History, Archeology
and Ethnography of the Academy
of Kazakhstan, Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan)
Sándor FODOR (Department of Arabic and Semitic Studies, University ELTE,
Budapest, Hungary)
Mihály DOBROVITS (Research Group for Altaic Studies, Hungarian
Academy of
Sciences, Budapest, Hungary)
Luwsanjaw CHULUUNBAATAR (Department of ForeignNational University of
Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia Language and
Culture School of Mongolian Studies)
Zourabi Aloine (born
1968) graduated from St. Petersburg State University (1993, MA History),
Central European University in Budapest (1994, MA Medieval Studies) and
the Department of Arabic and Semitic Studies of ELTE University in Budapest
(1998, PhD Linguistic). He worked as a visiting lecturer at the ELTE University
between 1995-1998, and at the Humboldt University in Berlin (1998-1999).
Since 1998 he works in the Working Group „Modern and Islam" in Berlin.
Ágnes Birtalan
(born 1961) studied Mongolian studies, Russian philology and literature,
world and Hungarian history at the ELTE University in Budapest (graduated
in 1985). She defended her PhD degree in 1990 on the topic „Complex Analysis
of the Westmongolian Oirad Folksongs Collected by B. Ya. Vladimircov".
She studied Manchu language in 1991 at the University of Bonn, and Korean
language and religions in 1996-1997 at the Yonsei University in Seoul.
She's associate professor and deputy head at the Department of Inner Asian
Studies of the ELTE University in Budapest. She participates in fieldworks
for more than 15 years in Mongolia and Inner-Mongolia (China). She has
published several books and articles on the Mongolian shamanism, folklore
and traditional culture.
Luwsanjaw Chuluunbaatar
(born 1952) studied Mongolian language and literature at the National University
of Mongolia and graduated in 1981. Between 1981 and 1989 he was a lecturer
of the Department of Mongolian Language at the National University of Mongolia.
Since 1989 to 1991 he worked as a visiting lecturer of the SOAS London
University. In 1994-1998 he was the head of the Department of Foreign Relation
(National University of Mongolia) and in 1998 he became the leader of the
Department of Foreign Language and Culture School of Mongolian Studies
at the same university. He has published three books and several articles
about the Mongolian language and the Buddhist culture.
Mihály Dobrovits
(born 1963) gradueted from the University ELTE, Budapest. Magister
of Arts in turkology and Medieval Studies. 1987-90 postgradueted student
at the Department of Medieval History in ELTE University, Budapest. 1990-93
lecturer of Turkology at the Arts Department Society, Miskolc, Hungary.
1993-98 Research Fellow, The Research Group in Altaic Studies of the Hungarian
Academy of Siences. Since 1993 Regularly Lecturer of the History of Early
and Post-mongol Inner Asian, ELTE University, Budapest. 1999 finished the
PhD courses in Mongolian Studies, ELTE University, Budapest.
Sándor Fodor (born
1941) M.A. (1965 - Arabic Language and Literature - History), Ph.D. (1980
- Title of thesis: The Arabic Legends about the Pyramids) professor and
head of the Department of Arabic Studies at ELTE University, Budapest.
Vice-Dean: 1990-92, 1993-, Acting Dean 1992. Field of research: Islam,
popular heritage in the Middle East, ethnography of the Arab World. Courses
taught: Arabic Language and Literature, History of the Arabs, Islam.
Editor in Chief of „The Arabist" (Published by the Department of Arabic
Studies of the Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest) since
1988.
Anvar Galiev (born
1959) He studied ethnography at the State University of Kazakhstan 1976-81.
1988 - PhD degree State University of Kazakhstan, „Semiotics and Culture
on the examples of Kazakh folktradition. 1981-84 he was a lecturer of the
Kustanay Teacher Training College. 1984-92 - Research fellow of the Institute
of History, archeology and Ethnography of the Academy of Kazakhstan. 1992-98
- Chief of the Department of the History of Culture and Religion of the
Institute of Oriental Studies of the National Academy of the Republic of
Kazakhstan. Since 1992 Senior Research Fellow at the International
Centre of Oriental Studies, Almaty, Kazakhstan. Field of research: semiotics
of the Culture, Traditional lifestyle of the Kazakhs, Kazakh religious
believes, Interethnic problems.
Istvan Kamarás
(born 1941) graduated from the University ELTE, Budapest in Hungarian Literature,
Library Science and Sociology: 1968-85: worked for National Library Centre
for Library Science and Methology. Since 1996 has been a professor at the
Janus Pannonius University of Pécs, since 1999 at Veszprém
University: teaching courses in philosophy, antropology, the sociology
of arts, and the sociology of religion. He has published numerous books
on the sociology of culture, of the arts, and the sociology of the religion.
Erdeniin Pürewjaw
(born 1961) in 1985 graduated from the Mongolian State University, Faculty
of Mongolian Language and Literature, „Nominal Formatives of Modern Mongolian".
1993 degree - Mongolian Academy of Sciences, „Some Question of the Mongolian
Speech Culture". Since 1985, researcher of the Mongolian Acedemy of Sciences,
Institute of Linguistic. 1995 - visiting professor of the University of
Foreign Languages, Osaka, Japan.
Alice Sárközi
(born 1942) studied Mongolian-English Studies at the University Eötvös
Lorand Budapest under guidance at Prof. Louis Ligeti. 1971 - Dr. phil.
ELTE University, Budapest. 1987 - Candidate of Linguistics (Political Prophecies
in Mongolia in the 17-20th centuries). Since 1992 senior research fellow
at the Research Group for Altaic Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
1969-92 research fellow at the same institute. 1990-92 Guest assistant
Professor at the Indiana University, Bloomington. 1994-97 substitute head
of the Department for Inner Asian Studies of the ELTE University in the
absence of Prof. G. Kara. Since 1994 substitute head of the Research Group
for Altaic Studies of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences in the absence
of Prof. G. Kara. 1990-96 President of the Oriental Section of the Research
Support Fund of Hungary.
Avhai Shivtel (born
1940) studied Arabic and Hebrew at Jerusalem University. 1969 gradueted
from the Jerusalem University, diploma in teaching Arabic and Hebrew. M.A.
1971 from the same University. 1977 PhD. Arabic Linguistics Cambridge
University. 1972-76 Lecturer in Hebrew and Supervisor in Arabic in Cambridge
University. 1976-79 Lecturer in Arabic, Tel-Aviv University, and Lecturer
in Arabic, and Hebrew Beer Sheva University. Since 1979 Lecturer in Semitic
Languages and Literatures, and since 1994 Senior Lecturer in Arabic Studies,
Leeds university. 1994-98 Senior Research Fellow, and Lecturer in Hebrew,
and Supervisor in University of Cambridge.1982-92 Head of Department of
Semitic and since 1994 Modern Arabic Studies.
Andrej Terentev (born
1948) graduated from the Leningrad State University in 1975, where he studied
Indian Philosophies and Religions. After his graduation became a research
assistant at the Leningrad State Museum of History of Religions and Atheism.
In 1983 he received the 'candidate of History' degree from the Institute
of Oriental Studies in Moscow. In 1990 he spent 6 months in the Library
of Tibetan Works and Archives in Dharamsala (India) and in 1991 and 1994
he was in UK as a visiting fellow of Aberdeen University. Between 1994-1995
he was also a part-time lecturer in the Higher Philosophy and Religious
School of St. Petersburg. He has published more than 50 scholarly papers
(not counting numerous articles on Buddhism and Jainism in Encyclopedias
and Dictionaries).
Gyula Wojtilla (born
1945) M.A. Ph.D. D.Sc. professor and head of the Department of Ancient
History at Szeged University. He was a research fellow at the Banaras Hindu
University in 1973-74 and visiting lecturer at the Delhi University in
1980-83. He is member of the Linguistic Society of India and Asiatic Society
of Bengal and the Advisory Committee of IASS (Paris). His main fields of
interest are Sanskrit phylology, Indian history and comparative history
of religion. He has published seven books and more than 140 papers in Europe,
India and the U.S.A.
Aim of the Course
The main idea of the course
is to initiate discussion about the "peaceful penetration" of Eastern religious
culture into the Central European region. The modern religious movements
of Eastern origin, having decades-old tradition in the Western world, are
a relatively new phenomenon in the post-Communist societies and thus require
the academic community of the region to have a deeper insight in the problem.
The SUN course is intended to introduce a comparative analysis of religions
that are not part of the traditional ones in the region including religions
of India, Buddhism, and Islam. In addition, some older cults which left
no direct traces in the region are to be highlighted, too. This is the
case with Shamanism. It is essential to note that Christianity and Judaism,
both having centuries-long continual past in the region will not be amongst
the topics of our primary interest since they would be better dealt with
in other contexts.
The remarkably rapid spread
of new religious movements raises important questions:
1. What makes them attractive
while no substantial social, historical and mythohistorical grounds exist?
2. What kind of impact
do the "alien" beliefs and rituals have on public opinion in the region?
3. Are the new religious
systems able to establish themselves in the region or will they remain
a domain of curious youngsters?
4. Do they convey historical
and cultural messages to the local intellectual life? In this respect,
one may refer to the image of Shamanism as an ancient native structure
amongst the nationalistic circles of Hungary.
In order to convene a regional
forum for experts who could study these issues, it is necessary to advance
an interdisciplinary approach involving religious and social experts. Our
course may become the first attempt in this direction and may be followed
by other scholarly gatherings in the region and beyond. The university
lecturers will have a chance to discuss Oriental rituals and their reverberation
in the new religious trends in Central Europe, linguistic prerequisites
and ideological premises of what makes new religious movements so successful
in our region. Resource people, representing West and East and various
academic schools, will draw the audience's attention to conflicting issues
and their cultural background. To facilitate the task, a series of lectures
and seminars disclosing socio-cultural roots of both the region and Eastern
religions are to be suggested.
Course Description
The course programme is
divided into five units and each unit discusses a specific eastern religion
from the origins to its representations and signification in Central-Eastern
Europe today. The course lasts two weeks, from Monday to Friday with morning
lectures (9.00-12.00), afternoon seminars (14.00-15.30) and other programs
in the evening and at the weekends. The latter programs include presentations
with slide-shows and video films, visiting religious communities (for example
the Krishna Community), the Buddhist stupa in Tar, the Museum of
Far Eastern Arts, a workshop in the Library of the Oriental Institute of
the University ELTE, etc.
July 24, July 25:
Shamanism and Ancient Religions (Ágnes BIRTALAN, Erdeniin PÜREWJAW)
Topics and discussion points
Ancient religions in Eurasia
Animism, Totemism
Shamanism
Ancient religions - modern
revival
Ancient and "Neo-"
New religious movements
and traditional ideologies on the example of Mongolia and Hungary
July 26, July 27:
Indian Religions (Gyula WOJTILLA, István KAMARÁS)
Topics and discussion points
The origin of Hinduism
The main trends in Hinduism
with special regard to Vaisnavism
Early history of the Krsna
faith
Krsna faith in eastern
India (Bengal, Orissa)
Appearance of Hinduism
in the United States in the middle of sixties
July 28, July 31:
Buddhism (Alice SÁRKÖZI, Andrej TERENTEV, Luwsanjaw CHULUUNBAATAR)
Topics and discussion points
The origin of Hinduism
The main trends in Hinduism
with special regard to Vaisnavism
Early history of the Krsna
faith
Krsna faith in eastern
India (Bengal, Orissa)
Appearance of Hinduism
in the United States in the middle of sixties
August 1, August 2:
Islam I. (Sándor FODOR, Avihai SHIVITEL, Zourabi ALOIANE)
Topics and discussion points
The religious background of Islam
Muhammad and the Koran
Tradition
Shari ca
Islam and Judaism
Popular Islam
Mysticism
Islam in the Balkans
Islam in Hungary
Monuments of Islamic Art
in Hungary
Yezidi Life in the former
USSR
Yezidi Life in Germany
European Islam under construction
Europe in the eyes of the
Islamic world
August 3, August 4:
Islam II. (Anvar GALIEV, Mihály DOBROVITS)
Topics and discussion points
Traditional World-concepts of Pastoral Nomads of Central Asia
The Arab conquest of central
Asia and the spread of Islam in Central Eurasia
The Islamisation of the
Mongol Empire
Islam in Kazakhstan, past
and Present
Semiotic approach to the
Islam revival
Islam under the Russian
(Soviet rule)
Peculiarities of Northern
and Central Asian Islam
Requirements for Participation
Though the course does
not require prior understanding of all religions offered by the summer
university, it requires participants who are educated and preferably have
prior teaching and/or research experience in one religious stream discussed
by the course or have a special interest in other aspects of the mentioned
religions (history, sociology, politics, demography, anthropology, etc.).
In the interests of effective education the course demands the general
knowledge of Asia's geography (including Near East, Central-Asia, Siberia,
Eastern-Asia, South-Eastern Asia, etc.), and its ethnic and political division.
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