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AIMS OF THE COURSE:
- To get familiar with the ecological problems and the
demographic processes of contemporary world.
- To analyze the interdependency and intercommunication
of ecological problems with demographic processes of contemporary
world.
THE OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE:
- to give the information about general ecological
problems;
- to give the information about basic stages of
demographic development, about specialty and regularities of demographic
processes; the analysis of demographic situation of contemporary world;
- to give the information about new ecological and
demographic literature on English and Russian;
- to give the information about ecological and
demographic websites; students have to learn how to search for current
information about ecological and demographic problems using Internet for
their seminars and examinations.
DEMANDS FOR STUDENTS
Students should prepare a small report during the course
and they will have final oral examination .
METHODS
During the lectures different tables, graphs, diagrams
will be shown. The lecturer will use following kinds of sources:
Demographic Data Base, ecological and demographic websites , CD-ROM about
the "Environmental and Quality of life in Central Europe ", new literature
in English and Russian.
The form of seminars will be diverse including open
discussions, debates , round-tables, individual presentations and small
group discussions.
THE THEMES OF THE LECTURES
(24 hours).
THEME 1 .THE GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF
CONTEMPORARY WORLD.(4 hours)
- Smog is the global pollution of environment.
Different types of smog. The problem of smog in the big cities. The
negative influence of smog on the population.
- The increase of carbonic acid gas in the air and
getting warmer of climate. The problems of the Arctic and Antarctic .
- The acidic rains. The reasons of acidic
precipitation’s increase. The negative influence of acidic precipitation
on the ground, on the crops and on the health of population.
- Destruction of ozone. The reasons of appearance
of "ozone problem". Discussions about this problem. Different opinions
about reduction of ozone. Different future forecasts .
THEME 2 . ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF
CONTEMPORARY KASAKHSTAN ( 4 hours).
- The problem of pollution of atmosphere with
industrial wastes and exhausts gas. The influence of different kinds of
pollution on the population’s health Appearance of specific diseases in
different regions of Kazakhstan.
- The problem of water resources. Protection,
rational use and defense of water resources . The decrease of Aral Sea
level is the global problem of the present period . The influence of
Aral crisis on climatic changes in the Central Asia. Increase of death
rates and morbidity of population. The increase of level of Kaspii Sea.
The pollution of Kaspii Sea with oil and gas wastes. The ecological dram
of Balhash Lake.
- The pollution with radiation of Semipalatinsk
region as a result of activity of nuclear taste zone. The negative
influence of radiation on the population and on the environment. The
growth of oncology diseases . The influence of nuclear tests on the
geological processes.
- The appearance of deserts . The reasons of
reduction of agricultural lands.
THEME 3. THE GENERAL TRENDS OF
POPULATION DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR ANALYSIS.(4 hours)
- The historical survey of demography theories.
The attitude of antique and medieval scientists to demography problems.
The exploration of G. Ground . The theory of T. Maltus.
- The theories of contemporary authors about
demographic processes. Microdemography and macrodemography theories.
Technique-economic and social-psychology conceptions in the demography
explorations.
- Theory of demographic revolution and multi-stage
demographic transition. The types of population reproductivity. The
influence of different factors on forming types of population
reproductivity. The role of ecological factors in demographic
development of contemporary world.
- The general trends of population development.
The connection of social-economic and ecological situation with
demographic processes.
THEME 4. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE WORLD POPULATION
(4 hours).
- Connection of the demographic processes with
historical development of the world. The influence of social-economic
stages and environment on the demographic behavior of population.
- The dynamics of the world’s population growth in
ancient and medieval periods of history. The tight connection of the
society with environmental conditions..
- The development of the world population in
capitalistic period. Change of population reproduction type. The
appearance of the first ecological problems.
THEME 5. THE DEMOGRAPHIC
PROCESSES OF CONTEMPORARY WORLD (4 hours).
- "Population explosion" and "demographic crisis".
The ecological factors and "demographic crisis".
- Increase of urbanization processes. The problems
of pollution in urban agglomerations . The overpopulation of big cities.
- The migration of world population. The
ecological migration.
- Morbidity of world population.
- The global demographic problems of contemporary
world. The role of world associations. Green Peace. The ecologic and
demographic programs of United Nations Organization.
THEME 6. THE DEMIGRAPHIC
SITUATION IN KASAKHSTAN DURING THE 1990s (4 hours).
- The dynamics of Kazakhstan’s population. Urban
and rural population. The decrease of Kazakhstan’s population. The
influence of social-economic and ecological factors on these processes.
- The contemporary type of reproductivity of
Kazakhstan’s population. Fertility and mortality . The causes of
mortality. Ecological factor and mortality.
- Health care and health services in Kazakhstan.
Morbidity. The growth of infectious and oncologycal diseases. The state
of population health and ecological situation.
- Migration. General trends of migration. Outside
and inside types of migration. Refugees and forced migrants. The
ecological migration.
THE THEMES OF SEMINARS (12
hours).
THEME 1. THE TRENDS OF WORLD
POPULATION DEVELOPMENT TO THE END OF 20th CENTURY (2 hours).
- Dynamics of world population growth. Forecasts,
models end hypotheses .
- The problem of world overpopulation. The present
interpretations of Maltus conception . The ecological consequences of
world population growth.
- Ethnic structure of world population. The
problem of "small" ("disappearing") nations .
The form of this seminar will be discussion.
THEME 2. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND
SPECIFICS OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE DIFFERENT REGIONS OF THE WORLD
(4 hours).
- Demographic situation and ecological problems in
European countries .
- Demographic situation and ecological problems in
North and Latin America.
- Demographic situation and ecological problems in
African continent.
- Demographic situation and ecological problems in
Asia.
- Demographic situation and ecological problems in
Australia.
During the seminar will be debates in small groups.
THEME 3. DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN
THE FORMER USSR COUNTRIES (4 hours).
- The survey of ecological problems of former USSR
countries.
- The age structure of population in the
post-Soviet countries. The processes of population reproductivity. The
analysis of fertility and mortality.
- The causes and consequences of population
morbidity. Ecological situation and morbidity.
- Ethnic structure of population in the
post-Soviet countries. Migration. The perspectives of demographic
development of former USSR countries.
THEME 4. THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF
CONTEMPORARY KAZAKHSTAN (2 hours).
- Survey of ecological problems of Kazakhstan.
- The age structure of population. Fertility and
mortality. The processes of population reproductivity.
- The morbidity of Kazakhstan’s population.
- The ethnic structure of Kazakhstan’s population.
- Migration processes in Kazakhstan.
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